PPT预览
一、定语从句的句法功能及相关定义
1.功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。
2.位置:定语从句常置于被修饰词之后:as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中,也可置于主句之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands,please.赞同这个计划的人请举手。
As is known to us all,the earth is running around the sun.我们都知道,地球绕着太阳运转。
3.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-,any-,every- , no- 与j-body,- thing 的合成词或all,none,any,some,that, those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。
二、定语从句的核心考点1.确定关系词的步骤;
(1)先找先行词,看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意:先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.
这是值得一看的地方。
(2)关系词在从句中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit in China.(visit后面不能再加many places/them)
在中国有很多我们可以参观的地方。
2.在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况中关系词用that而不用 which:
(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,few 等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all,much,little,none,few,something,anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?
(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.这个村不再是五年前的样子了。
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that you bought for me?哪些是你为我买的书?
3.用which而不用that的情况:(1)在非限制性定语从句中。(2)当关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是that时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。
4.关系词who与that指人时,根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是 there be句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是 anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是 who作疑问词时,关系词用 that。Who is the girl that is standing by the window?站在窗边的那位女孩是谁?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who 取代。